Technology is the foundation of Cyber Security, providing the tools, techniques, and methodologies to protect computer systems, networks, software, and data from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, or destruction.¹ This includes firewalls, intrusion detection and prevention systems, antivirus software, encryption technologies, and security information and event management (SIEM) systems. The ever-evolving threat landscape necessitates continuous advancements in security technologies and practices.

The key topics to learn in Cyber Security are:

• Networking Fundamentals: Understanding TCP/IP, network protocols, and network devices.
• Operating System Security: Securing Windows, Linux, and other operating systems.
• Cryptography: Understanding encryption algorithms, hashing functions, and digital signatures.
• Web Security: Protecting web applications from common vulnerabilities like SQL injection and cross-site scripting (XSS).
• Network Security: Implementing and managing firewalls, intrusion detection/prevention systems, and VPNs.
• Malware Analysis: Understanding different types of malware and techniques for analyzing them.
• Security Assessment and Penetration Testing: Identifying vulnerabilities in systems and networks.
• Incident Response: Handling security breaches and recovering from cyberattacks.
• Security Governance and Compliance: Understanding security frameworks, regulations, and best practices.
• Cloud Security: Securing data and applications in cloud environments.

Industry Use Cases:

• Finance and Banking: Protecting sensitive financial data and ensuring secure transactions.
• Healthcare: Safeguarding patient² health information and ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of medical records.
• Government and Defense: Protecting national security interests and critical infrastructure.
• Technology Companies: Securing their own systems and the data of their users.
• Retail: Protecting customer data and preventing fraud in online and physical stores.